Cerium

// Periodic Table Of Element Cerium - Ce

Cerium by Tien Ly// Atomic Number : 58 Atomic Symbol : Ce Atomic Mass : 140.12


 * **Electron Configuration:**1s^2 2s^2p^6 3s^2p^6d^10 4s^2p^6d^10f^1 5s^2p^6d^1 6s^2
 * **Number of Electrons (with no charge):** 58
 * **Number of Neutrons (most common/stable nuclide):** 82
 * **Number of Protons:** 58
 * **Oxidation States:** **3**,4
 * **Valence Electrons:** 4f^2 6s^2

__Chemical Properties of Cerium :__ __Physical Properties of Cerium__ > > > > > > > > > __**History :**__
 * **Electrochemical Equivalent:** 1.7426g/amp-hr
 * **Electron Work Function:** 2.84eV
 * **Electronegativity:** 1.12 (Pauling); 1.06 (Allrod Rochow)
 * **Heat of Fusion:** 5.46kJ/mol
 * Valence Electron Potential (-eV):**
 * **Atomic Mass Average:** 140.115
 * **Enthalpy of Atomization:** 381 kJ/mole @ 25°C
 * **Enthalpy of Fusion:** 5.46 kJ/mole
 * **Enthalpy of Vaporization:** 414 kJ/mole
 * **Flammablity Class:**
 * **Freezing Point:** //see melting point//
 * **Hardness Scale**
 * **Brinell:** 412 MN m-2
 * **Mohs:** 2.5
 * **Vickers:** 270 MN m-2
 * **Heat of Vaporization:** 414kJ/mol
 * **Melting Point:** 1071K 798°C 1468°F
 * **Molar Volume:** 20.7 cm3/mole
 * **Physical State (at 20°C & 1atm):** Solid
 * **Specific Heat:** 0.19J/gK[[image:cuatao.jpg align="left"]]
 * Discoverer: W. von Hisinger, J.J. Berzelius
 * Discovery Location: Vestmanland Sweden
 * Discovery Year: 1803
 * Name Origin: From the asteroid Ceres discovered in 1801.


 * Uses of Cerium:** Cerium compounds are used in the manufacture of glass, both as a component and as a decolorizer. Cerium is a component of misch metal, which is extensively used in the manufacture of pyrophoric alloys for cigarette lighters.


 * **Sources of Cerium:**Most abundant rare earth metal. Found in many minerals like monazite [Ce(PO4)]. World production is around 24,000 tons per year. Main mining areas are in USA, Brazil, India, Sri Lanka, Australia, China.

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