Rhodium

** 

__RHODIUM__

__Ann Ha__ **

** Note: it has a quantum number of 5, therefore there are 5 orbital shells​ ** Element name: Rhodium Symbol: Rh Atomic Number: 45 Atomic Mass: 102.9055

Number of Protron: 45 Number of Electron:45 Number of Neutron: 58 Most common Isotope: Rhodium-103, 103Rh

Electron configuration: [Kr]5s^1 4d^8 __** Physical Properties **__: It's rare and Hard silver-white metal, it's a member of the platinum group. It has a high reflectance. It's salts form rose-colored ( redish-pink) __Boiling Point__: 4000K 3727°C 6741°F

__Conductivity__: Electrical: 0.211 106/cm Thermal: 1.5 W/cmK

__Density__: 12.41g/cc @ 300K

__Flammablity Class__: Non-combustible solid (except as dust)

__Heat of Vaporization__: 493kJ/mol __Melting Point__: 2239K 1966°C 3571°F **__ Chemical property __**: Rhodium has a high reflectance, it is solid and stable. Rhodium does not pile into strong acid and it's a fairly inactive metal. It combine with oxygen when it's heated in air. while it's hot, it react with chlorine or bromine, however it does not react to fluorine (fluorine react with most of other element).Rhodium compare to platinum, has a high melting point and low density. Rhodium it is unaffected by air and water up to 600 C. It dissolved in hot concentrated sulfuric acid and it is attacked by molten alkalis.

__** History: **__ The word Rhodium actually came from the greek word, Rhodon, it means Rose.In 1803, it was discovered by a English chemist,William Hyde Wollaston, after his discovery of the element palladium. He was in london at that time and recieve a native platinum shipments from South America for him to study. While he was examining the ore of platinum, he discovered that he could produce a rose-colored compound from the platinum. 

__** Past&present industrial, commercial/medical uses: **__

Rhodium is used in catalytic converters (automobile/cars), electrical contact, furnace coils, electrodes for aircraft spark plugs, laboratory crucibles, and alloying agent in other materials, such as platinum and palladium. For industrial and commercial uses, it's used in jewelry, and mainly used in engagement rings because of it's higly reflective surface when polished. It's also used for High quality pen such as Graf von Faber-Castell, Mont Blanc, and Caran D'ache

__** Common Forms: **__ Rhodium is a compound since, the compound of rhodium are mainly found in combination with platinum and along with other member of platinum group. You cannot find rhodium- excavations anywhere because it's mix with other metal such as platinum, gold, and silver. You can take rhodium out of it by industrial extraction. Location of Rhodium: - South Africa (world's largest mines)- it exported about 60% of the world's source of rhodium  - Native state in Montana USA- On annual basis, approximately three tons of Rhodium are produced worldwide. **

__ All stable Isotope & Radioactive isotope: __

rhodium ** (**Rh**) - is make up of only one stable isotope, 103Rh.

__RADIOISOTOPE:__ The most stable radioisotopes are:

101Rh with a half-life of 3.3 years 102Rh with a half-life of 207 days 102mRh with a half-life of 2.9 years, 99Rh with a half-life of 16.1 days. 105Rh with a half life of 35.36 hours
 * Chart:** *The mass and Mode of decay*
 * ~ Isotope ||~ Mass ||~ Half-life ||~ Mode of decay ||~ ||~ ||
 * > 99Rh ||> 98.90820 ||> 16 d ||> EC to 99Ru ||> ||> ||
 * > 100Rh ||> 99.90812 ||> 20.8 h ||> EC to 100Ru ||> ||> ||
 * > 101Rh ||> 100.90616 ||> 3.3 y ||> EC to 101Ru; IT ||> ||> ||
 * > 102Rh ||> 102.906842 ||> 2.9 y ||> EC to 102Ru; β- to 102Pd ||> ||> ||
 * > 104Rh ||> 103.906655 ||> 42.3 s ||> EC to 104Ru; β- to 104Pd ||> ||> ||
 * > 105Rh ||> 104.905692 ||> 35.4 h ||> β- to 105Pd ||> ||>  ||

__** Biography: **__ - **Periodic Table of Elements-** <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','sans-serif'; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">**Element Rhodium – Rh,** <  []>,  <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','sans-serif'; font-size: 8pt;">Copyright 1995 - 2009 Kenneth L Barbalace (J.K. Barbalace, inc).

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','sans-serif'; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">- **Naturally occurring isotopes,** < [] >, //<span style="color: #4c4c4c; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','sans-serif'; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;">Copyright 1993-2009 Mark Winter [The University of Sheffield and WebElements Ltd, UK]. All rights reserved. // =<span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','sans-serif'; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal;">**- Chemistry explained-** <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','sans-serif'; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">**RHODIUM** < <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','sans-serif'; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal;">[]>, Copyright 2009 Advameg, Inc. Rhodium, [], Wiki = =<span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','sans-serif'; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal;">**- It's Elemental!- The element Rhodium,** <[]>, <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','sans-serif'; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">by Steve Gagnon. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','sans-serif'; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal;"> = <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','sans-serif'; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">
 * - Rhodium: The essentials** **,** < <span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; msofontkerning: 18.0pt;">[]>, //<span style="color: #4c4c4c; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;">[|Copyright] 1993-2009 [|Mark Winter] [ [|The University of Sheffield] and WebElements Ltd, UK]. All rights reserved //

__** Picture cited: **__


 * 1) 1-http://www.jewelrypayless.com/images/silver/pendants/PES00136_360.jpg
 * 2) 2- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rhodium_powder_pressed_melted.jpg
 * 3) 3- http://www.sybarites.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/06/skeleton_h_01.jpg
 * 4) 4- []
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