antimony

**//THE ELEMENT ANTIMONY//**
Project by Linh Phan **Name: ** Antimony
 * Symbol: ** Sb
 * Atomic Number: ** 51
 * Atomic Mass: ** 121.76 amu
 * Number of Protons/Electrons: ** 51
 * Number of Neutrons: ** 71

**Antimony** (pronounced [|/ˈæntɨmɵnɪ/] [|// AN -ti-mo-nee//])[|[note 1]] is a [|chemical element] with the symbol **Sb** ([|Latin]: //stibium//, meaning "mark") and [|atomic number] 51. A [|metalloid], antimony has four [|allotropic] forms. The stable form of antimony is a blue-white metalloid. Yellow and black antimony are unstable non-metals. Antimony is used in [|electronics] and flame-proofing, in [|paints], [|rubber], [|ceramics], [|enamels], drugs to treat //[|Leishmania]// infection and a wide variety of [|alloys].

** Properties **
Antimony in its elemental form is a silvery white, [|brittle], [|fusible], [|crystalline] solid that exhibits poor [|electrical] and [|heat conductivity]properties and [|vaporizes] at low [|temperatures]. A [|metalloid], antimony resembles a metal in its appearance and in many of its physical properties, but does not chemically react as a metal. It is reactive with [|oxidizing] [|acids] and [|halogens]. Antimony and some of its alloys are unusual in that they expand on cooling. Antimony is geochemically categorized as a [|chalcophile], occurring with [|sulfur] and the [|heavy metals] [|lead], [|copper], and [|silver].

** History **
The first natural occurrence of pure antimony ('native antimony') in the Earth's crust was described by the Swedish scientist and local mine district engineer Anton von Swab in 1783. The type-sample was collected from the Sala Silver Mine in the Bergslagen mining district of south central Sweden. There is a picture of Native massive antimony with[| oxidation] products **Applications** Antimony is increasingly being used in the [|semiconductor] industry in the production of [|diodes], [|infrared] detectors, and [|Hall-effect]devices. As an [|alloy], this metalloid greatly increases [|lead]'s hardness and mechanical strength. The most important use of antimony is as a hardener in lead for storage batteries. Antimony compounds in the form of [|oxides], [|sulfides], sodium antimonate, and antimony trichloride are used in the making of flame-proofing compounds, [|ceramic] enamels, [|glass], [|paints], and [|pottery]. [|Antimony trioxide] is the most important of the antimony compounds and is primarily used in flame-retardant formulations. The natural sulfide of antimony, [|stibnite], was known and used in Biblical times, as a [|medication] and in Islamic/Pre-Islamic times as a[|cosmetic]. The [|Sunan Abi Dawood] reports, “Muhammad said: 'Among the best types of [|collyrium] is antimony (ithmid) for it clears the vision and makes the hair sprout.

This table talking about Isotopes of Antimony :   symbol ||~ Z([|p]) ||~ N([|n]) ||~ isotopic mass (u) ||~ half-life ||~ nuclear spin ||~ representative isotopic composition (mole fraction) ||~ range of natural variation (mole fraction) ||
 * ~ nuclide
 * ^  ||||||~ excitation energy ||
 * 103Sb ||> 51 ||> 52 || 102.93969(32)# || 100# ms [>1.5 µs] || 5/2+# ||  ||   ||
 * 104Sb ||> 51 ||> 53 || 103.93647(39)# || 0.47(13) s [0.44(+15-11) s] ||  ||   ||   ||
 * 105Sb ||> 51 ||> 54 || 104.93149(11) || 1.12(16) s || (5/2+) ||  ||   ||
 * 106Sb ||> 51 ||> 55 || 105.92879(34)# || 0.6(2) s || (4+) ||  ||   ||
 * 106mSb |||||| 1000(500)# keV || 220(20) ns ||  ||   ||   ||
 * 107Sb ||> 51 ||> 56 || 106.92415(32)# || 4.0(2) s || 5/2+# ||  ||   ||
 * 108Sb ||> 51 ||> 57 || 107.92216(22)# || 7.4(3) s || (4+) ||  ||   ||
 * 109Sb ||> 51 ||> 58 || 108.918132(20) || 17.3(5) s || 5/2+# ||  ||   ||
 * 110Sb ||> 51 ||> 59 || 109.91675(22)# || 23.0(4) s || (4+) ||  ||   ||
 * 111Sb ||> 51 ||> 60 || 110.91316(3) || 75(1) s || (5/2+) ||  ||   ||
 * 112Sb ||> 51 ||> 61 || 111.912398(19) || 51.4(10) s || 3+ ||  ||   ||
 * 113Sb ||> 51 ||> 62 || 112.909372(19) || 6.67(7) min || 5/2+ ||  ||   ||
 * 114Sb ||> 51 ||> 63 || 113.90927(3) || 3.49(3) min || (3+) ||  ||   ||
 * 114mSb |||||| 495.5(7) keV || 219(12) µs || (8-) ||  ||   ||
 * 115Sb ||> 51 ||> 64 || 114.906598(17) || 32.1(3) min || 5/2+ ||  ||   ||
 * 116Sb ||> 51 ||> 65 || 115.906794(6) || 15.8(8) min || 3+ ||  ||   ||
 * 116m1Sb |||||| 93.99(5) keV || 194(4) ns || 1+ ||  ||   ||
 * 116m2Sb |||||| 380(40) keV || 60.3(6) min || 8- ||  ||   ||
 * 117Sb ||> 51 ||> 66 || 116.904836(10) || 2.80(1) h || 5/2+ ||  ||   ||
 * 118Sb ||> 51 ||> 67 || 117.905529(4) || 3.6(1) min || 1+ ||  ||   ||
 * 118m1Sb |||||| 50.814(21) keV || 20.6(6) µs || (3)+ ||  ||   ||
 * 118m2Sb |||||| 250(6) keV || 5.00(2) h || 8- ||  ||   ||
 * 119Sb ||> 51 ||> 68 || 118.903942(9) || 38.19(22) h || 5/2+ ||  ||   ||
 * 119m1Sb |||||| 2553.6(3) keV || 130(3) ns || (19/2-) ||  ||   ||
 * 119m2Sb |||||| 2852(7) keV || 850(90) ms || 27/2+# ||  ||   ||
 * 120Sb ||> 51 ||> 69 || 119.905072(8) || 15.89(4) min || 1+ ||  ||   ||
 * 120m1Sb |||||| 0(100)# keV || 5.76(2) d || 8- ||  ||   ||
 * 120m2Sb |||||| 78.16(5) keV || 246(2) ns || (3+) ||  ||   ||
 * 120m3Sb |||||| 2328.3(6) keV || 400(8) ns || (6) ||  ||   ||
 * 121Sb ||> 51 ||> 70 || 120.9038157(24) || STABLE || 5/2+ || 0.5721(5) ||  ||
 * 122Sb ||> 51 ||> 71 || 121.9051737(24) || 2.7238(2) d || 2- ||  ||   ||
 * 122m1Sb |||||| 61.4131(5) keV || 1.86(8) µs || 3+ ||  ||   ||
 * 122m2Sb |||||| 137.4726(8) keV || 0.53(3) ms || (5)+ ||  ||   ||
 * 122m3Sb |||||| 163.5591(17) keV || 4.191(3) min || (8)- ||  ||   ||
 * 123Sb ||> 51 ||> 72 || 122.9042140(22) || STABLE || 7/2+ || 0.4279(5) ||  ||
 * 124Sb ||> 51 ||> 73 || 123.9059357(22) || 60.20(3) d || 3- ||  ||   ||
 * 124m1Sb |||||| 10.8627(8) keV || 93(5) s || 5+ ||  ||   ||
 * 124m2Sb |||||| 36.8440(14) keV || 20.2(2) min || (8)- ||  ||   ||
 * 124m3Sb |||||| 40.8038(7) keV || 3.2(3) µs || (3+,4+) ||  ||   ||
 * 125Sb ||> 51 ||> 74 || 124.9052538(28) || 2.75856(25) a || 7/2+ ||  ||   ||
 * 126Sb ||> 51 ||> 75 || 125.90725(3) || 12.35(6) d || (8-) ||  ||   ||
 * 126m1Sb |||||| 17.7(3) keV || 19.15(8) min || (5+) ||  ||   ||
 * 126m2Sb |||||| 40.4(3) keV || ~11 s || (3-) ||  ||   ||
 * 126m3Sb |||||| 104.6(3) keV || 553(5) ns || (3+) ||  ||   ||
 * 127Sb ||> 51 ||> 76 || 126.906924(6) || 3.85(5) d || 7/2+ ||  ||   ||
 * 128Sb ||> 51 ||> 77 || 127.909169(27) || 9.01(4) h || 8- ||  ||   ||
 * 128mSb |||||| 10(7) keV || 10.4(2) min || 5+ ||  ||   ||
 * 129Sb ||> 51 ||> 78 || 128.909148(23) || 4.40(1) h || 7/2+ ||  ||   ||
 * 129m1Sb |||||| 1851.05(10) keV || 17.7(1) min || (19/2-) ||  ||   ||
 * 129m2Sb |||||| 1860.90(10) keV || >2 µs || (15/2-) ||  ||   ||
 * 129m3Sb |||||| 2138.9(5) keV || 1.1(1) µs || (23/2+) ||  ||   ||
 * 130Sb ||> 51 ||> 79 || 129.911656(18) || 39.5(8) min || (8-)# ||  ||   ||
 * 130mSb |||||| 4.80(20) keV || 6.3(2) min || (4,5)+ ||  ||   ||
 * 131Sb ||> 51 ||> 80 || 130.911982(22) || 23.03(4) min || (7/2+) ||  ||   ||
 * 132Sb ||> 51 ||> 81 || 131.914467(15) || 2.79(5) min || (4+) ||  ||   ||
 * 132m1Sb |||||| 200(30) keV || 4.15(5) min || (8-) ||  ||   ||
 * 132m2Sb |||||| 254.5(3) keV || 102(4) ns || (6-) ||  ||   ||
 * 133Sb ||> 51 ||> 82 || 132.915252(27) || 2.5(1) min || (7/2+) ||  ||   ||
 * 134Sb ||> 51 ||> 83 || 133.92038(5) || 0.78(6) s || (0-) ||  ||   ||
 * 134mSb |||||| 80(110) keV || 10.07(5) s || (7-) ||  ||   ||
 * 135Sb ||> 51 ||> 84 || 134.92517(11) || 1.68(2) s || (7/2+) ||  ||   ||
 * 136Sb ||> 51 ||> 85 || 135.93035(32)# || 0.923(14) s || 1-# ||  ||   ||
 * 136mSb |||||| 173(3) keV || 570(50) ns || 6-# ||  ||   ||
 * 137Sb ||> 51 ||> 86 || 136.93531(43)# || 450(50) ms || 7/2+# ||  ||   ||
 * 138Sb ||> 51 ||> 87 || 137.94079(32)# || 500# ms [>300 ns] || 2-# ||  ||   ||
 * 139Sb ||> 51 ||> 88 || 138.94598(54)# || 300# ms [>300 ns] || 7/2+# ||